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Relationship between Christianity and homosexuality

Within Christianity, at that place are a variety of views on sexual orientation and homosexuality. Fifty-fifty within a denomination, individuals and groups may concord different views, and non all members of a denomination necessarily support their church'south views on homosexuality.

History [edit]

The Hebrew Bible and its traditional interpretations in Judaism and Christianity have historically affirmed and endorsed a patriarchal and heteronormative approach towards human sexuality,[one] [two] favouring exclusively penetrative vaginal intercourse between men and women inside the boundaries of marriage over all other forms of human sex activity,[1] [ii] including autoeroticism, masturbation, oral sexual activity, not-penetrative and not-heterosexual sexual intercourse (all of which take been labeled every bit "sodomy" at various times),[3] believing and teaching that such behaviors are forbidden considering they're considered sinful,[1] [2] and further compared to or derived from the behavior of the declared residents of Sodom and Gomorrah.[1] [4] [5] [6] [seven] Nevertheless, the status of LGBT people in early Christianity is debated.[eight] [9] [10] [11]

The history of Christianity and homosexuality has been much debated. Some maintain that the early Christian churches deplored transgender people and same-sexual practice relationships, while others maintain that they accepted them on the level of their heterosexual counterparts. These disagreements business concern, in some cases, the translations of certain terms, or the meaning and context of some biblical passages.[four]

This article focuses on the twentieth and twenty-start centuries, covering how the extent to which the Bible mentions the subject, whether or not it is condemned, and whether the various passages apply today, have become contentious topics. Pregnant debate has arisen over the proper estimation of the Levitical code; the narrative of Sodom and Gomorrah; and diverse Pauline passages, and whether these verses condemn same-sex sexual activities.[4]

Christian denominational positions [edit]

Execution past fire and torture of five homosexual Franciscan friars, Bruges, 26 July 1578

Catholic Church [edit]

The Cosmic Church views equally sinful any sexual human activity not related to procreation past a couple joined in marriage.[12] [13] The Church states that "homosexual tendencies" are "objectively matted", just does not consider the tendency itself to be sinful only rather a temptation toward sin.[12] [14]

The Catechism of the Cosmic Church states that "men and women who take deep-seated homosexual tendencies ... must be accepted with respect, pity, and sensitivity" and that "every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should exist avoided."[12] The Church opposes criminal penalties against homosexuality.[15] The Cosmic Church requires those who are attracted to people of the aforementioned (or opposite) sex to do chastity, because it teaches that sexuality should only exist skilful within union, which includes chaste sex as permanent, procreative, heterosexual, and monogamous. The Vatican distinguishes between "deep-seated homosexual tendencies" and the "expression of a transitory problem", in relation to ordination to the priesthood; saying in a 2005 certificate that homosexual tendencies "must be clearly overcome at least three years before ordination to the diaconate."[sixteen] A 2011 study based on telephone surveys of self-identified American Catholics conducted past the Public Organized religion Research Institute found that 56% believe that sexual relations between two people of the same sex are not sinful.[17] [18] Research indicates that the Catholic Church's teachings on sexuality are "a major source of conflict and distress" to LGBT Catholics.[19]

In January 2018 German bishop Franz-Josef Bode of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück, and in Feb 2018 German Roman Cosmic cardinal Reinhard Marx, chairman of the High german Bishops' Conference said in interviews with German language journalists that approval of same-sex activity unions is possible in Roman Catholic churches in Germany.[20] [21] [22] In Republic of austria blessing of same sexual activity unions is performed in 2 churches[23] located in the Roman Cosmic Diocese of Linz.[24] In 2021, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith antiseptic that same-sex civil unions cannot exist blessed.[25]

Orthodox churches [edit]

The Eastern Orthodox churches,[26] like the Cosmic Church, condemn homosexual acts. The Orthodox Church shares a long history of Church teachings and canon law with the Catholic Church and has a similar conservative opinion on homosexuality. Some Orthodox Church building jurisdictions, such as the Orthodox Church in America, take taken the approach of welcoming people with "homosexual feelings and emotions," while encouraging them to work towards "overcoming its harmful effects in their lives," while not allowing the sacraments to people who seek to justify homosexual activeness.[27] [28] Other Orthodox Churches, such equally those in Eastern Europe and Hellenic republic, view homosexuality less favourably. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese lists homosexuality along with fornication, adultery, and more than because of the thinking that homosexuality breaks up the institution of marriage and family.[29] The issue of gay spousal relationship seems to be strongly rejected, even in Greece, where one-half of Orthodox Christians don't believe that homosexuality should be discouraged.[xxx]

Protestant churches [edit]

Liberal position [edit]

Sure other Christian denominations practice not view monogamous same-sex relationships as sinful or immoral, and may anoint such unions and consider them marriages. These include the United Church of Canada, the Presbyterian Church (Usa), the United Church of Christ,[31] all German Lutheran, reformed and united churches in EKD,[32] all Swiss reformed churches, the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, the United Protestant Church in Belgium,[33] the United Protestant Church building of France,[34] the Church of Denmark, the Church of Sweden, the Church building of Iceland, the Church of Norway, and the Uniting Church building in Australia.[35] The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland also allows prayer for aforementioned-sexual activity couples.[36] The Metropolitan Community Church was founded specifically to serve the Christian LGBT community. The Global Alliance of Affirming Apostolic Pentecostals (GAAAP) traces its roots dorsum to 1980, making it the oldest LGBT-affirming Churchly Pentecostal denomination in being.[37] Another such organization is the Affirming Pentecostal Church building International, currently the largest affirming Pentecostal system, with churches in the US, U.k., Central and South America, Europe and Africa.

LGBT-affirming denominations regard homosexuality as a natural occurrence. The United Church building of Christ celebrates gay matrimony,[38] and some parts of the Anglican[39] and Lutheran[40] churches allow for the blessing of gay unions. The United Church of Canada also allows same-sexual practice spousal relationship, and views sexual orientation as a souvenir from God. Within the Anglican Communion, there are openly gay clergy; for case, Cistron Robinson is an openly gay Bishop in the Usa Episcopal Church. Within the Lutheran communion, at that place are openly gay clergy, too; for example, bishop Eva Brunne is an openly lesbian Bishop in the Church of Sweden. Such religious groups and denominations interpret scripture and doctrine in a fashion that leads them to take that homosexuality is morally acceptable, and a natural occurrence. For example, in 1988 the United Church building of Canada, that country's largest Protestant denomination, affirmed that "a) All persons, regardless of their sexual orientation, who profess Jesus Christ and obedience to Him, are welcome to exist or become full members of the Church building; and b) All members of the Church are eligible to be considered for the Ordered Ministry."[41] In 2000, the Church's General Assembly further affirmed that "human being sexual orientations, whether heterosexual or homosexual, are a gift from God and part of the marvelous diversity of creation."[42]

In addition, some Christian denominations such every bit the Moravian Church, believe that the Bible speaks negatively of homosexual acts but, as research on the matter continues, the Moravian Church seeks to establish a policy on homosexuality and the ordination of homosexuals.[43] In 2014, Moravian Church in Europe allowed blessings of same-sex unions.[44]

Liberal Quakers, those in membership of United kingdom Yearly Meeting and Friends Full general Briefing in the US corroborate of same-sex union and wedlock. Quakers were the first Christian group in the U.k. to advocate for equal union and Quakers in Britain formally recognised aforementioned-sex relationships in 1963.[45] [46] [47]

The United Methodist Church elected a lesbian bishop in 2016, and on seven May 2018, the Council of Bishops proposed the One Church Plan, which would allow individual pastors and regional church bodies to decide whether to ordain LGBT clergy and perform same-sex weddings.[48] On 26 February 2019, a special session of the General Conference rejected the I Church Plan and voted to strengthen its official opposition to same-sex marriages and ordaining openly LGBT clergy.[49]

Various positions [edit]

The Anglican Church building reassures people with aforementioned sex attraction they are loved past God and are welcomed as full members of the Trunk of Christ. The Church leadership has a diversity of views in regard to homosexual expression and ordination. Some expressions of sexuality are considered sinful including "promiscuity, prostitution, incest, pornography, paedophilia, predatory sexual behaviour, and sadomasochism (all of which may be heterosexual and homosexual)". The Church is concerned with pressures on young people to appoint sexually and encourages abstinence.[l]

Churches within Lutheranism agree stances on the issue ranging from labeling homosexual acts as sinful, to credence of homosexual relationships. For example, the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, the Lutheran Church of Australia, and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod recognize homosexual beliefs as intrinsically sinful and seek to government minister to those who are struggling with homosexual inclinations.[twoscore] [51] However, the Church of Sweden, the Church of Kingdom of denmark, the Church of Norway, or Lutheran churches of the Evangelical Church in Germany conducts same-sex marriages, while the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and Evangelical Lutheran Church building in Canada opens the ministry of the church building to gay pastors and other professional workers living in committed relationships.[52] The Ethiopian Evangelical Church building Mekane Yesus, the Lutheran denomination in Ethiopia, and second largest non-united Lutheran denomination in the globe, however, has taken a stand that marriage is inherently between a man and a woman, and has formally broken fellowship with the ELCA.[53] [54]

Bourgeois position [edit]

Some mainline Protestant denominations, such every bit the African Methodist churches,[55] [56] [57] [58] the Reformed Church building in America,[59] and the Presbyterian Church in America take a conservative position on the subject.[60]

The 7th-day Adventist Church "recognizes that every human being is valuable in the sight of God, and seeks to minister to all men and women [including homosexuals] in the spirit of Jesus," while maintaining that homosexual sexual practice itself is forbidden in the Bible. "Jesus affirmed the dignity of all man beings and reached out compassionately to persons and families suffering the consequences of sin. He offered caring ministry and words of solace to struggling people, while differentiating His dear for sinners from His clear education near sinful practices."[61]

Conservative Quakers, those within Friends United Meeting and the Evangelical Friends International believe that sexual relations are condoned only in marriage, which they define to be between a human being and a woman.[62]

Confessional Lutheran churches teach that it is sinful to have homosexual desires, fifty-fifty if they do not lead to homosexual activity.[63] The Doctrinal argument issued by the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod states that making a stardom betwixt homosexual orientation and the deed of homosexuality is disruptive:

"We cannot limit the sin of homosexuality to deeds but non desires, any more we can limit heterosexual sin to deeds simply not desires. Scripture conspicuously includes desires and inclinations toward sinful actions in the category of sin (Mt 5:27–28). This is true of both homosexual and heterosexual sin."[64]

Withal, confessional Lutherans besides warn against selective morality which harshly condemns homosexuality while treating other sins more lightly.[64]

Evangelical churches [edit]

The positions of the evangelical churches are varied. They range from liberal to fundamentalist or moderate Conservative and neutral.[65] [66] Some evangelical denominations have adopted neutral positions, leaving the selection to local churches to determine for aforementioned-sex marriage.[67] [68]

Evangelical Conservative position [edit]

Conservative Evangelical Christians regard homosexual acts as sinful[69] and call up they should not be accepted past society.[70] They tend to interpret biblical verses on homosexual acts to hateful that the heterosexual family was created by God[71] to be the boulder of civilization and that same-sexual activity relationships contradict God's design for matrimony and is not his will.[72] [73] [74] [75] [76] Christians who oppose homosexual relationships sometimes argue that aforementioned-gender sex activity is a sin.[77]

In opposing interpretations of the Bible that are supportive of homosexual relationships, conservative Christians have argued for the reliability of the Bible,[78] [79] and the meaning of texts related to homosexual acts,[74] [fourscore] while often seeing what they telephone call the diminishing of the authorization of the Bible past many homosexual authors every bit being ideologically driven.[81]

As an alternative to a school-sponsored Solar day of Silence opposing bullying of LGBT students, conservative Christians organized a Gilded Rule Initiative, where they passed out cards saying "As a follower of Christ, I believe that all people are created in the paradigm of God and therefore deserve dear and respect."[82] Others created a Day of Dialogue to oppose what they believe is the silencing of Christian students who make public their opposition to homosexuality.

On 29 August 2017, the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood released a manifesto on human sexuality known every bit the "Nashville Argument". The statement was signed by 150 evangelical leaders, and includes 14 points of belief.[83]

Fundamentalist position [edit]

It is in the fundamentalist bourgeois positions, that in that location are anti-gay activists on TV or radio who merits that homosexuality is the cause of many social issues, such as terrorism.[84] [85] [86] Some evangelical churches in Uganda strongly oppose homosexuality and homosexuals. They have campaigned for laws criminalizing homosexuality.[87] The generalization and use of prejudices to spread hatred of homosexual people are frequent.[88]

Sexual practice scandals [edit]

Some evangelical pastors with antigay speeches have been outed.

In that location was Pastor Ted Haggard, founder of nondenominational charismatic megachurch New Life Church building in Colorado Springs, The states. Married with 5 children, Ted was an anti-gay activist and said he wanted to ban homosexuality from the church. In 2006, he was dismissed from his position as senior pastor afterwards a male prostitute claimed to accept had sex with him for three years.[89] After denying the relationship, the pastor admitted that the allegations were authentic.

There was likewise Baptist Pastor George Alan Rekers of the Southern Baptist Convention in the United States and psychologist fellow member of the National Clan for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality.[xc] Married and male parent of children, the antigay activist was recognized with a gay escort, hired for a trip to Europe, in 2010. Co-ordinate to him, he had hired the gay escort to bear his luggage.

Moderate position [edit]

Some churches have a moderate Conservative position. Although they do not approve homosexual practices, they show sympathy and respect for homosexuals.[91]

Baptist [edit]

Reflecting this position, some pastors, for example, showed moderation during public statements. For case, in 2008, Baptist pastor Rick Warren of Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California said that he had developed adept relationships with several gay people, without having to compromise his beliefs about the definition of marriage between a homo and a woman present in the Bible.[92]

Charismatic movement [edit]

Philip Igbinijesu, a pastor of the Lagos Discussion Assembly, an Evangelical church building, said in a message to his church building that the Nigerian police force on homosexuality (inciting denunciation) was hateful. He stated that homosexuals are creatures of God who should be treated with respect.[93]

Brian Houston of Hillsong Church said that gays are welcome in the church, but they cannot have up leadership positions.[94] [95]

Not-denominational Christianity [edit]

Pastor Joel Osteen of Lakewood Church in Houston said in 2013 he constitute information technology unfortunate that several Christian ministers focus on the homosexuality past forgetting the other sins described in the Bible. He said that Jesus did not come to condemn people, but to save them.[96] Other pastors likewise share this view.[97]

Pastor Andy Stanley of Due north Point Community Church in Alpharetta, mentioned in 2015 that the church should exist the safest place on the planet for students to talk most anything, including aforementioned-sex attraction.[98]

Organizations [edit]

The French Evangelical Alliance, a member of the European Evangelical Brotherhood and the World Evangelical Brotherhood, adopted on 12 Oct 2002, through its National Council, a document entitled Foi, espérance et homosexualité ("Religion, Hope and Homosexuality "), in which homophobia, hatred and rejection of homosexuals are condemned, simply which denies homosexual practices and full church building membership of unrepentant homosexuals and those who approve of these practices.[99] In 2015, the Conseil national des évangéliques de France (French National Quango of Evangelicals) reaffirmed its position on the consequence by opposing union of same-sex couples, while not rejecting homosexuals, but wanting to offer them more than than a blessing; an accompaniment and a welcome.[100]

The French evangelical pastor Philippe Auzenet, a chaplain of the clan Oser en parler, regularly intervenes on the subject field in the media. It promotes dialogue and respect, every bit well as sensitization in social club to improve understand homosexuals.[101] He also said in 2012 that Jesus would get to a gay bar, because he was going to all people with love.[102]

Liberal position [edit]

International [edit]

There are some international evangelical denominations that are gay-friendly, such every bit the Alliance of Baptists and Affirming Pentecostal Church International.[103] [104]

U.South. [edit]

A 2014 survey reported that 43% of white evangelical American Christians betwixt the ages of 18 and 33 supported same-sex activity spousal relationship.[105] Some evangelical churches have homosexuality and celebrate gay weddings.[106] [107] Pastors accept as well been involved in irresolute the traditional position of their church building. In 2014, the New Heart Community Church of La Mirada, a Baptist church in the suburbs of Los Angeles was expelled from the Southern Baptist Convention for this purpose.[108] In 2015, GracePointe Church in Franklin in the suburbs of Nashville made this conclusion.[109] It lost over half of her weekly attendance (from 1,000 to 482).[110]

Neutral positions [edit]

Some evangelical denominations have adopted neutral positions, leaving the pick to local churches to make up one's mind for aforementioned-sex spousal relationship.[67] [68]

Restorationist churches [edit]

Restorationist churches, such as Seventh-Day Adventists, generally teach that homosexuals are 'broken' and can be 'fixed'. Jehovah'southward Witnesses believe that "The Bible condemns sexual activity that is not between a husband and wife, whether it is homosexual or heterosexual conduct. (i Corinthians half-dozen:xviii) . . . While the Bible disapproves of homosexual acts, it does not condone hatred of homosexuals or homophobia. Instead, Christians are directed to "respect everyone."​—1 Peter 2:17, Adept News Translation."[111] The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-twenty-four hours Saints said in 2015 that it officially welcomes its gay and lesbian members, if they choose sexual forbearance.[112] The Community of Christ, a co-operative of Mormonism, fully accepts LGBT persons, performs weddings for gay and lesbian couples, and ordains LGBT members. Within the Stone-Campbell aligned restorationist churches the views are divergent. The churches of Christ (A Capella) and the Contained Christian Churches/Churches of Christ mostly adhere to a very conservative ideology; socially, politically, and religiously and are generally non accepting of openly LGBT members and will not perform weddings for gay and lesbian couples. The Disciples of Christ, is fully accepting of LGBT persons, often performs weddings for gay and lesbian couples, and ordains LGBT members. The United Church of Christ is an officially "open and affirming" church. Other Restorationist churches such equally Millerite churches, have taken mixed positions but are increasingly accepting with some of their congregations fully accepting LGBT persons in all aspects of religious and political life.

Views supportive of homosexuality [edit]

In the 20th century, theologians like Jürgen Moltmann, Hans Küng, John Robinson, Bishop David Jenkins, Don Cupitt, and Bishop Jack Spong challenged traditional theological positions and understandings of the Bible; post-obit these developments some have suggested that passages have been mistranslated or that they do non refer to what we understand as "homosexuality."[113] Clay Witt, a minister in the Metropolitan Community Church building, explains how theologians and commentators like John Shelby Spong, George Edwards and Michael England interpret injunctions against sure sexual acts as being originally intended as a ways of distinguishing religious worship betwixt Abrahamic and the surrounding pagan faiths, within which homosexual acts featured as role of idolatrous religious practices: "England argues that these prohibitions should exist seen as beingness directed against sexual practices of fertility cult worship. As with the earlier reference from Strong's, he notes that the discussion 'abomination' used hither is directly related to idolatry and idolatrous practices throughout the Hebrew Testament. Edwards makes a similar proposition, observing that 'the context of the two prohibitions in Leviticus 18:22 and Leviticus 20:thirteen suggest that what is opposed is not same-sex activity outside the cult, as in the mod secular sense, just within the cult identified as Canaanite'".[114]

In 1986, the Evangelical and Ecumenical Women'south Caucus (EEWC), then known every bit the Evangelical Women'south Caucus International, passed a resolution stating: "Whereas homosexual people are children of God, and because of the biblical mandate of Jesus Christ that we are all created equal in God's sight, and in recognition of the presence of the lesbian minority in EWCI, EWCI takes a firm stand in favor of civil rights protection for homosexual persons."[115]

Some Christians believe that Biblical passages have been mistranslated or that these passages practice not refer to LGBT orientation as currently understood.[116] Liberal Christian scholars, similar conservative Christian scholars, accept earlier versions of the texts that make upwards the Bible in Hebrew or Greek. Still, within these early texts there are many terms that modern scholars have interpreted differently from previous generations of scholars.[117] [118] [119] There are concerns with copying errors, forgery, and biases among the translators of subsequently Bibles.[117] [118] [119] They consider some verses such as those they say support slavery[117] or the junior treatment of women[118] as non existence valid today, and against the will of God present in the context of the Bible. They cite these problems when arguing for a alter in theological views on sexual relationships to what they say is an earlier view. They differentiate amongst various sexual practices, treating rape, prostitution, or temple sex rituals equally immoral and those within committed relationships equally positive regardless of sexual orientation. They view certain verses, which they believe refer merely to homosexual rape, as not relevant to consensual homosexual relationships.[119]

Yale professor John Boswell has argued that a number of Early Christians entered into homosexual relationships,[120] and that sure Biblical figures had homosexual relationships, such equally Ruth and her mother in law Naomi, Daniel and the courtroom official Ashpenaz, and David and Male monarch Saul'due south son Jonathan.[121] Boswell has also argued that adelphopoiesis, a rite bonding ii men, was akin to a religiously sanctioned same-sex matrimony. Having partaken in such a rite, a person was prohibited from entering into spousal relationship or taking monastic vows, and the choreography of the service itself closely parallelled that of the marriage rite.[120] [122] [123] His views take not institute wide acceptance, and opponents have argued that this rite sanctified a Platonic brotherly bond, not a homosexual marriage.[123] He likewise argued that condemnation of homosexuality began only in the 12th century.[124] Boswell's critics[125] point out that many earlier doctrinal sources condemn homosexuality as a sin even if they practise not prescribe a specific punishment, and that Boswell's arguments are based on sources which reflected a general trend towards harsher penalties, rather than a change in doctrine, from the 12th century onwards.

Desmond Tutu, the former Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town and a Nobel Peace Prize winner, has described homophobia every bit a "criminal offence against humanity" and "every chip equally unjust" as apartheid:[126] "We struggled against apartheid in South Africa, supported by people the world over, because black people were being blamed and made to endure for something we could do nothing about; our very skins. Information technology is the same with sexual orientation. Information technology is a given. ... Nosotros treat them [gays and lesbians] as pariahs and push button them outside our communities. Nosotros brand them doubt that they also are children of God – and this must be nearly the ultimate blasphemy. We blame them for what they are."[127]

Modernistic gay Christian leader Justin R. Cannon promotes what he calls "Inclusive Orthodoxy" ('orthodoxy' in this sense is not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox Church). He explains on his ministry website: "Inclusive Orthodoxy is the conventionalities that the Church tin and must be inclusive of LGBT individuals without sacrificing the Gospel and the Churchly teachings of the Christian religion."[128] Cannon's ministry takes a unique and distinct arroyo from modern liberal Christians while however supporting homosexual relations. His ministry affirms the divine inspiration of the Bible, the authorization of Tradition, and says "...that there is a place inside the full life and ministry of the Christian Church for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Christians, both those who are called to lifelong celibacy and those who are partnered."[129]

Today, many religious people are becoming more affirming of aforementioned-sex relationships, fifty-fifty in denominations with official stances against homosexuality. In the United States, people in denominations who are against same-sex activity relationships are liberalizing rapidly, though not every bit quickly every bit those in more affirming groups.[130] This social modify is creating tension within many denominations, and even schisms and mass walk-outs among Mormons and other bourgeois groups.[131]

Pope Francis voiced support for same-sex ceremonious unions during an interview in a documentary film, Francesco, which was premiered at the Rome Pic Festival on 21 October 2020.[132]

Homosexual Christians and organizations [edit]

Studies in the Us evidence more LGBT individuals identify equally Protestant than Cosmic.[133] [134] [135] George Barna, a conservative Christian writer and researcher, conducted a survey in the United states of america in 2009 that found gay and lesbian people having a Christian affiliation were more than numerous than had been presumed. He characterized some of his leading conclusions from the data every bit follows:[136] "People who portray gay adults as godless, hedonistic, Christian bashers are not working with the facts. A substantial majority of gays cite their faith as a primal facet of their life, consider themselves to be Christian, and claim to accept some type of meaningful personal commitment to Jesus Christ active in their life today." Barna too institute that LGBT people were more than likely to interpret faith as an individual rather than a collective feel.[137]

Candace Chellew-Hodge, liberal Christian lesbian founder of the online mag Whosoever, responded to the findings: "All in all, I'thousand grateful for Barna even wandering into the subject field of gay and lesbian religious belief. I retrieve his study is of import and can go a long style to dispelling the former "gays vs. God" dichotomy that too often gets played out in the media. Even so, his overall message is still harmful: Gays and lesbians are Christians Рthey're just not as good as straight ones."[138] She argued that Barna had formulated his report with undue irony and skepticism, and that he had failed to accept into account the reasons for the information which enkindled his "arri̬re pens̩e." The reason why far fewer homosexuals attend church, she argued, is that there are far fewer churches who will accept them. Equally, gays and lesbians do not see the Bible as unequivocally true because they are forced past its employ confronting them to read it more closely and with less credulity, leading them to note its myriad contradictions.[138]

Organizations for homosexual Christians exist beyond a wide range of beliefs and traditions. The interdenominational Q Christian Fellowship (formerly Gay Christian Network) has some members who affirm same-sex relationships and others who commit themselves to celibacy, groups it refers to as "Side A" and "Side B", respectively.[139] [140] According to founder Justin Lee,

"We're just trying to get people together who experience attraction to the same sex, withal they have handled that, and who love Jesus and say, OK, you are welcome here, and then let'southward pray together and effigy out where God wants united states of america to have it."[141]

Some organizations cater exclusively to homosexual Christians who practise non want to have gay sex, or allure; the goals of these organizations vary. Some Christian groups focus on just refraining from gay sex, such as Courage International and North Star.[142] Other groups additionally encourage gay members to reduce or eliminate same-sex activity attractions. Dear Won Out and the now-defunct Exodus International are examples of such ministries. These groups are sometimes referred to equally ex-gay organizations, though many no longer use the term. Alan Chambers, the president of Exodus, says the term incorrectly implies a consummate change in sexual orientation,[143] though the grouping Parents and Friends of Ex-Gays and Gays continues to use the term. In addition, private Christians identifying every bit gay who want to subscribe to the conservative ethic are becoming more song themselves.[144]

Gay Christian writer and actor Peterson Toscano argues that organizations promoting orientation change are a "ruse".[145] An organization he co-founded, Beyond Ex-Gay, supports people who feel they have been wounded by such organizations.[146]

Other groups back up or abet for gay Christians and their relationships. For example, in the United States, IntegrityUSA represents the interests of lesbian and gay Christians in the Episcopal Church building,[147] while United Methodists have the Reconciling Ministries Network and evangelical Christians have Evangelicals Concerned.[148] In 2014 the United Church of Christ filed a lawsuit challenging Northward Carolina's ban on same-sex spousal relationship, which is America's first organized religion-based challenge to same-sex spousal relationship bans; the Alliance of Baptists joined the lawsuit after that twelvemonth.[149] [150]

In Europe, lesbian and gay evangelical Christians take a European forum.[151] Working inside the worldwide Anglican Communion on a range of discrimination problems, including those of LGBT clergy and people in the church, is Inclusive Church.[152] The longest standing group for lesbian and gay Christians in the UK, founded in 1976, is the non-denominational Lesbian and Gay Christian Motion;[153] specifically aimed to meet the needs of lesbian and gay evangelicals, at that place is the Evangelical Fellowship for Lesbian and Gay Christians;[154] specifically working within the Church of England is Irresolute Attitude,[155] which also takes an international focus in working for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender affirmation within the Anglican Communion.[156]

Sociologist Richard N. Pitt argues that these organizations are but available to LGBT members of liberal denominations, as opposed to those in bourgeois denominations. His review of the literature on gay Christians suggests that these organizations not only represent the interests of Christians who attend their churches, but (like gay-friendly and gay-affirming churches) also give these members useful responses to homophobic and heterosexist rhetoric. His research shows that those LGBT Christians who stay at homophobic churches "impale the messenger"[157] by attacking the minister'southward knowledge near homosexuality, personal morality, focus on sin instead of forgiveness, and motivations for preaching against homosexuality.

Movement of pro-celibacy gay Christians [edit]

At that place is a movement of people who telephone call themselves "gay Christians", but they cull to exercise celibacy. [158] [159] The movement is positioned confronting liberals and conservatives. Recognizing themselves as gay or bisexual, these young people believe that their attraction to same-sexual activity people, while present, does not allow them to accept homosexual relationships. They say that their Christian conversion did not instantly change their sexual desires. They insist that the church should always reject homosexual practices, but that it should welcome gay people.

Ex-gay move [edit]

Various Christian organizations have been involved in the ex-gay move.[160] Love in Action, founded in 1973, was the first in the Us.[160] In 1976, its members founded Exodus International, a Christian system (more than specifically Protestant and Evangelical) in United States and in various countries of the earth.[161] The Catholic organization Courage International was founded in 1980.[162]

Conversion therapies for people wishing to change sexual orientation take been associated with the movement.[163]

Meet also [edit]

  • Ex-gay movement
  • Christianity and sexual orientation
  • Homosexuality and religion
  • Ellen Barrett – first openly lesbian priest (Episcopal)
  • Corpus Christi (play)
  • Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus
  • Gay bishops
  • History of Christianity and homosexuality
  • Homosexuality and Judaism
  • Queer theology
  • The Bible and homosexuality
  • Homosexuality and Seventh-day Adventism

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Mbuwayesango, Dora R. (2016) [2015]. "Part III: The Bible and Bodies – Sexual practice and Sexuality in Biblical Narrative". In Fewell, Danna Due north. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative. Oxford and New York: Oxford Academy Press. pp. 456–465. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.39. ISBN9780199967728. LCCN 2015033360. S2CID 146505567.
  2. ^ a b c Leeming, David A. (June 2003). Carey, Lindsay B. (ed.). "Religion and Sexuality: The Perversion of a Natural Matrimony". Journal of Religion and Health. Springer Verlag. 42 (2): 101–109. doi:x.1023/A:1023621612061. ISSN 1573-6571. JSTOR 27511667. S2CID 38974409.
  3. ^ Sauer, Michelle M. (2015). "The Unexpected Actuality: "Deviance" and Transgression". Gender in Medieval Culture. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 74–78. doi:x.5040/9781474210683.ch-003. ISBN978-1-4411-2160-viii.
  4. ^ a b c Gnuse, Robert K. (May 2015). "Seven Gay Texts: Biblical Passages Used to Condemn Homosexuality". Biblical Theology Bulletin. SAGE Publications on behalf of Biblical Theology Message Inc. 45 (2): 68–87. doi:10.1177/0146107915577097. ISSN 1945-7596. S2CID 170127256.
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Farther reading [edit]

  • Bates, Stephen (2004). A Church at State of war: Anglicans and Homosexuality. I.B. Tauris. ISBN one-85043-480-8.
  • Boswell, John (1980). Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: Gay people in Western Europe from the showtime of the Christian era to the fourteenth century. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-06710-6
  • Boswell, John (1979). The Church & the Homosexual
  • Brug, John F. (2009), Doctrinal Brief: Is Homosexuality a Sin?, Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Library
  • Crompton, Louis, et al., (2003). Homosexuality and Civilisation Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01197-X
  • Etengoff, C.; Daiute, C. (2014). "Family Members' Uses of Faith in Post–Coming-Out Conflicts With Their Gay Relative". Psychology of Faith and Spirituality. 6 (1): 33–43. doi:x.1037/a0035198.
  • Etengoff, C. & Daiute, C., (2014/5). Clinicians' perspectives of religious families' and gay men'southward negotiation of sexual orientation disclosure and prejudice, Journal of Homosexuality 62(4).
  • Etengoff, C. & Daiute, C. 2014/15). Online Coming Out Communications betwixt Gay Men and their Religious Family Allies: A Family of Pick and Origin Perspective, Periodical of GLBT Family Studies.
  • Gagnon, Robert A.J. (2002). The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics. Abingdon Press. ISBN 0-687-02279-7
  • Harvey, John F., O.S.F.S. (1996). The Truth almost Homosexuality: The Cry of the Faithful, introduction by Bridegroom J. Groeschel, C.F.R.. Ignatius Press. ISBN 0-89870-583-five.
  • Hays, Katie; Chiasson, Susan A. (2021). Family of Origin, Family unit of Pick: Stories of Queer Christians. Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-7857-i
  • Helminiak, Daniel A. (2000). "Frequently Asked Questions About Beingness Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender and Catholic" Dignity USA.
  • Hildegard of Bingen (c. 1142). "Scivias," Columba Hart and Jane Bishop, translators; New York: Paulist Press, 1990
  • Homosexuality and Christianity
  • Johansson, Warren (1992). "Whosoever Shall Say To His Brother, Racha." Studies in Homosexuality, Vol XII: Homosexuality and Religion and Philosophy. Ed. Wayne Dynes & Stephen Donaldson. New York & London: Garland, pp. 212–214
  • Mader, Donald (1992). "The Entimos Pais of Matthew eight:v–13 and Luke 7:one–ten" Studies in Homosexuality, Vol XII: Homosexuality and Religion and Philosophy. Ed. Wayne Dynes & Stephen Donaldson. New York & London: Garland, pp. 223–235.
  • Petro, Anthony Thousand. (2015). "Emerging Moralities: American Christians, Sexuality, and AIDS". Afterwards the Wrath of God: AIDS, Sexuality, and American Religion. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. xviii–52. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199391288.003.0002. ISBN9780199391288. LCCN 2014036658. OCLC 1129602241.
  • Rodriguez, Due east.M. (2010). "At the intersection of Church building and Gay: A review of the psychological enquiry on Gay and Lesbian Christians". Periodical of Homosexuality. 57 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1080/00918360903445806. PMID 20069492. S2CID 26155676.
  • Rodriguez, E. K.; Ouellette, S. C. (2000). "Gay and lesbian Christians: Homosexual and religious identity integration in the members and participants of a gay-positive church". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 39 (3): 333–347. doi:10.1111/0021-8294.00028.
  • Saletan, William (29 November 2005). "Gland Inquisitor". Slate.
  • Smith, Morton (1992). "Clement of Alexandria and Secret Mark: The Score at the End of the First Decade." Studies in Homosexuality, Vol XII: Homosexuality and Religion and Philosophy. Ed. Wayne Dynes & Stephen Donaldson. New York & London: Garland, pp. 295–307

External links [edit]

thaishmisting.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality

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